Test guides / PAR
FAA KNOWLEDGE TEST GUIDE
Private Pilot written test (PAR)
The Private Pilot Airplane (PAR) knowledge test is the written exam every private pilot applicant takes before the checkride. It is a multiple-choice test taken on a computer at a PSI testing center.
AT A GLANCE
- Test code
- PAR
- Questions
- 60 multiple choice (3 options each)
- Time allowed
- 2 hours
- Passing score
- 70% (42 of 60)
- Minimum age to test
- 15
- Results valid for
- 24 calendar months
- Where
- PSI testing centers (about $175)
What the PAR covers
- ▸Regulations: 14 CFR Parts 61 and 91, NTSB 830
- ▸Airspace classes, VFR weather minimums and sectional chart reading
- ▸Weather theory, METARs, TAFs and other weather products
- ▸Aerodynamics, load factor, stalls and spins
- ▸Weight and balance and aircraft performance charts
- ▸Navigation, flight planning and the E6B
- ▸Airport operations, lighting, markings and radio communications
- ▸Aeromedical factors and aeronautical decision-making
What you need to take it
- Authorization: A logbook endorsement or written statement from an authorized flight or ground instructor, or a graduation certificate from an FAA-certificated pilot school.
- ID: a government-issued photo ID with your date of birth, signature and address.
- FAA Tracking Number (FTN): create one in IACRA before you schedule with PSI.
How to prepare
- ✓Start studying a few weeks before you plan to test and do a little every day — short daily practice beats cramming.
- ✓Practice reading the figures in the Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (sectionals, performance charts); many questions use them.
- ✓Take at least one full 60-question timed practice exam so the 2-hour limit feels normal.
- ✓Your test report lists the ACS codes for anything you missed — your examiner will review those topics on the checkride.
Frequently asked questions
How many questions are on the Private Pilot written test?
The PAR test has 60 scored multiple-choice questions, each with three answer choices. A few extra unscored questions may be included; they don't count for or against you.
How long is the PAR test?
You have 2 hours, including time for any unscored questions.
What score do I need to pass the PAR?
70% — at least 42 of 60 correct.
How long are my PAR results valid?
A passing result is valid for 24 calendar months: you need to finish the practical test (checkride) within that window (14 CFR 61.39).
What do I need to bring to the testing center?
A government-issued photo ID showing your date of birth, signature and address, your FAA Tracking Number (FTN) from IACRA, and your test authorization: a logbook endorsement or written statement from an authorized flight or ground instructor, or a graduation certificate from an FAA-certificated pilot school.
What happens if I fail?
If you fail, you can retake the test after an authorized instructor gives you additional training in the areas you missed and signs a retest endorsement (14 CFR 61.49). There is no required waiting period, but you pay the test fee again.
How much does the test cost?
The FAA says knowledge test centers charge about $175. You book and pay through PSI, the FAA’s testing provider.
Study a little every day
AeroPrep gives you three FAA-style PAR practice questions a day for free, with explanations and FAA references, plus a Logbook that shows which topics need work. Pro ($9.99/month) adds unlimited practice and unlimited timed exams.
Start free practice →Test formats are from the FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix and 14 CFR Part 61. The FAA updates these from time to time, so confirm details on the current matrix before you book. AeroPrep questions are written in the style of the FAA knowledge tests; they are not actual test questions. AeroPrep is not affiliated with the FAA.